A Critique of Modernity: Reclaiming Knowledge, Reclaiming Ourselves
A Critique of Modernity: Reclaiming Knowledge, Reclaiming Ourselves
In a compelling series of lectures, Professor Wael Hallaq delves into a critique of modernity and offers a transformative vision for a new kind of human, deeply rooted in Islamic principles.
Hallaq argues that modernity’s structures, particularly the state, capitalism, and forms of knowledge, have led to destructive consequences for humanity. He introduces the concept of “biopower,” highlighting how modern systems manipulate and control individuals, often prioritising market interests over genuine human well-being. This focus on material progress and individual autonomy, he claims, has created alienation and contributed to today’s ecological and social crises.
In contrast, Hallaq points to the Islamic tradition as a profound alternative, urging a nuanced understanding of its history and principles. He critiques the application of modern terms like “state” or “freedom” to Islamic pre-modern societies, arguing that such comparisons distort the unique, decentralised governance structures of Islamic history, which were shaped by the autonomy of Sharia and legal scholars.
At the heart of his vision lies the concept of a “new human,” an individual shaped by Islamic ethical principles. Hallaq identifies key attributes for this transformation:
- Anti-Materialism: Rejecting capitalism’s predatory nature and embracing higher ethical values.
- Humility, Modesty, and Gratitude: Cultivating interconnectedness and recognising dependence on a higher purpose.
- Engagement with the World: Taking responsibility for the well-being of all, beyond the exploitative tendencies of modernity.
- Unity of Knowledge and Action: Bridging theory and ethical practice to create meaningful, informed lives.
- Stewardship and Care: Viewing the world as an entrusted responsibility, valuing both sentient and insentient creations.
While Hallaq’s lectures inspired spirited discussions, questions arose about the feasibility of his ideas. Can the “new human” truly offer a way forward, or is it an idealised return to the past? What role might power and resistance play in transforming entrenched modern systems?
Despite these challenges, Hallaq remains optimistic. He underscores the importance of education and personal transformation, believing that by embodying these principles, individuals can create ripples of change. In doing so, humanity can move closer to a world rooted in justice, sustainability, and ethical harmony.
This article accompanies the podcast, where these themes are explored in greater depth.
